The philosophers have only interpreted the world in different ways; the point is to change it.

Karl Marx, 11th Thesis on Feuerbach, 1845.


What is to be done? Ought we act after having interpreted the world, or is it the interpretation itself as the basis for organising transformative action wherein the problem lies?

Scientific theory has revealed the limited scope of any theoretical representation as a way of conceiving reality, a way of interpreting the world. In scientific theory, conscious human action encounters an absolute limit to the knowledge of its own necessity. This is not an abstract epistemological issue. If scientific knowledge were limited to interpretation, the transformation of present society into a society based on freely conscious individuality (socialism or communism) would be doomed to impossibility.

Again: what is to be done? We can only face the question in a radical way. This is, starting from a critical confrontation of the determinations of our social being, thereby putting everything in doubt.